text: If s then t. s. Therefore t.

gold: entailed


text: If s then t. Not t. Therefore not s.


text: If p then q. If q then r. Therefore if p then r.


text: p or q. Not p. Therefore q.


text: p or q. Not q. Therefore p.


text: If p then q. Therefore if not q then not p.

gold: declined


text: p. Therefore p.

class: restatement


text: If p then q. If r then q. p or r. Therefore q.


text: If p then q. Not q. Therefore p.

gold: refuted


text: p or q. Not p. Therefore p.


text: If p then q. p. Therefore not q.


text: Not p. Therefore p.


text: If p then q. If q then r. p. Therefore not r.


text: p or q. Therefore p.

gold: unknown


text: If p then q. Therefore p.


text: If p then q. Therefore q.


text: p or q. Therefore q.


text: If p then q. If r then q. Therefore p.


text: p. Not p. Therefore q.


text: If p then q. p. Not q. Therefore r.


text: p. Not p. Therefore p.


text: p or q. Not p. Not q. Therefore p.


text: All mammals are animals. All whales are mammals. Therefore all whales are animals.

gold: valid


text: No reptiles are mammals. All snakes are reptiles. Therefore no snakes are mammals.


text: If it rains then the ground is wet. It rains. Therefore the ground is wet.


text: Some students are poets. All poets are artists. Therefore some students are artists.


text: All cats are animals. All dogs are animals. Therefore all dogs are cats.

gold: invalid


text: If p then q. If q then r. If r then s. p. Therefore s.