surface_form: λόγος

case: nominative

number: sg

gender: m

notes: Nominative subject form. Used in John 1:1a and 1:1c.


notes: Anarthrous nominative. In John 1:1c θεὸς ἦν ὁ λόγος the predicate theos is anarthrous, marking quality not identity. This is the Colwell construction.


surface_form: ἦν

tense: imperfect

voice: active

mood: indicative

notes: John 1:1 en arche en ho logos. The imperfect signals continuous, durative being in the past — the Logos was already in existence at the beginning, not that he came into being then.


surface_form: ἀρχῇ

case: dative

notes: John 1:1 en arche. Dative of sphere or reference. The Logos existed within/at the beginning as its defining point.


surface_form: θεός

notes: John 1:1c predicate nominative. Anarthrous: marks divine nature/quality of the Logos, not mere identity equation.


surface_form: πρός

governs: accusative

notes: pros with accusative in John 1:1b: pros ton theon. Signals directional presence-toward, intimate relational orientation, not mere proximity.